渣打集团主席韦浩思:“一带一路”项目应注重多边参与

发布时间:2019-05-13 来源:中国一带一路网
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随着“一带一路”建设迈向高质量发展阶段,“一带一路”项目应更加注重质量和多边性参与。

渣打集团主席韦浩思(Jose Vinals)近日接受了中国一带一路网的专访,介绍了渣打银行“一带一路”项目建设中的实践,尤其是在项目风险控制上的经验。他认为,随着“一带一路”建设迈向高质量发展阶段,“一带一路”项目应更加注重质量和多边性参与。

Mr. Jose Vinals, Group Chairman of Standard Chartered Bank. recently received an interview with China Belt and Road Portal and shared the company's experience in conducting the Belt and Road projects, especially in risks control. He believes that as Belt and Road projects are developing from quantity-focused to quality-focused, multilateralism will be more important in the future.

Q1:在第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上,习近平主席发表了主旨演讲,您对其中的哪些观点印象深刻?

韦浩思:习主席的演讲令人非常振奋,秉承了开放的态度,再次向外界传递“一带一路”倡议是一个开放的平台,欢迎所有各方的参与。另外,习主席还强调了“一带一路”项目的可持续性,除了商业和财政的可持续性之外,环境方面的可持续性也非常重要。

Q1: What impresses you most in President Xi Jinping's keynote speech?

Vinals:I thought it was a very inspiring speech. I was impressed by the very open tone. It conveyed the idea that the Belt and Road Initiative is not an exclusive club, but a very inclusive club, which welcomes third parties, multilateral parties, and the economic, financial, and environmental sustainability of projects is very important.

Q2:习近平主席在主旨演讲中指出,中国将更大范围地扩大外资市场准入,渣打银行计划如何抓住这一机遇,拓展在中国的业务?

韦浩思:渣打银行在中国已经有161年的历史。作为拥有最多金融牌照的国际银行之一,多年以来,渣打银行深度参与中国资本市场的合作,为中国资本市场发展做出贡献。我们与一些国际金融中心如伦敦、香港和新加坡等都有密切联系,我们能为中国带来大量投资。这也是我们可以发挥贡献的一个方面。渣打银行还长时间致力于推动人民币国际化,已经成为推动人民币国际化的重要力量。特别是在“一带一路”沿线国家,人民币作为支付货币在未来将发挥越来越重要的作用。

Q2: President Xi Jinping said in his keynote speech that China will further open up to foreign investment. How will Standard Chartered take this opportunity to seek further development in China?

Vinals: Standard Chartered is present in China already for a hundred and sixty-one years. We are a bank which is deeply involved in capital market activities in China. We are an international bank with the largest number of licenses. So, we think of ourselves as contributing to the development of the Chinese capital market.

Given our connectivity with key international financial centers, like London, Hong Kong, and Singapore, we can bring in a lot of foreign investment into China. That's also another way in which we can contribute.

Finally, we have been working already for quite a long time to promote the internationalization of the Renminbi. We are very well placed to use our international global presence to be a strong promoter of Renminbi as an increasingly important international currency. This is very natural particularly along Belt and Road countries where the Renminbi should be playing an increasingly important role as a vehicle currency.

Q3:您如何评价“一带一路”倡议提出六年来取得的进展?

韦浩思:我认为“一带一路”倡议在基础设施方面发挥了非常重要的作用,基础设施建设促进许多国家和地区互联互通,从而带动贸易往来和经济发展。我认为在下一阶段需要综合考虑各个方面,不仅仅是项目的数量,项目的质量也十分重要。此外,正如习近平主席所说,“一带一路”项目的多方参与也非常重要。“一带一路”倡议不光是中国和项目所在国的事情,也不光是中国和项目所在国才能获益,应该邀请尽可能多的参与方共同汇集力量,这样才能够使“一带一路”倡议获得更广泛的成效。

Q3:How do you evaluate the achievements of the Belt and Road Initiative over the past six years?

Vinals:I think the Belt and Road Initiative has been very important already in helping build many infrastructures which have improved connectivity across countries. This connectivity is a necessary condition for enhancements in trade, which will help in turn growth and development. So I think this is the basic objective.

During the first five years of the Belt and Road Initiative, there has been an emphasis on the quantity of projects. There is increasingly less but still important engagement which has been bilateral between China, meaning Chinese government, Chinese contractors, Chinese banks on the one hand, and the recipient countries on the other on different projects. I think it is very important that in this second stage we take increasingly into account not just of the quantity of projects but project quality.

And also in line with what President Xi Jinping mentioned, we broaden more engagement to more multilateralism and less bilateralism. This is already happening but we need to move further in this direction.

Q4:有分析认为,未来随着贸易面临较大调整压力,中国外汇储备有可能受到影响,使“一带一路”建设面临一定的资金挑战。对此你怎么看?

韦浩思:我并不同意这一观点,我认为“一带一路”跟中国的外汇储备是两码事。如果我们看一下中国的国际收支状况,现在的经常账户盈余比过去少,从长远看,出现赤字的可能性增加。但与此同时,随着中国资本市场的不断开放,中国的净资本流入也在增加。因此,我对未来的预期是,随着中国向国际资本市场进一步开放,将有越来越多的净资本流入中国,这将抵消那些减少的经常账户流入资金。因此,我认为没有任何迹象显示中国的外汇储备会大幅下降。

Q4: Some critics believe that China's foreign exchange reserves may be reduced in the future as international trade is under pressure. Under this circumstance, the Belt and Road Initiative may face some capital challenges. What's your take on this point of view?

Vinals: I do not agree with that view. I think the Belt and Road Initiative and the foreign exchange reserves are two different things. Responding specifically to the question of the foreign exchange reserves, I think if you look at the balance of payments of China, even if there's now less of a current account surplus than in the past that there may be a deficit. You also have increasing capitals inflows coming. So what I have envisioned is in the future as China opens up, particularly to international capital markets, there would be increasingly net capital inflows into China that will compensate a less favorable position on the overall current account. Therefore, I don't see any reason why there should be an important drop in foreign exchange reserves.

Q5:为什么渣打银行要将“一带一路”作为整个集团的战略重点?

韦浩思:我们在45个“一带一路”市场设有分支机构,深耕当地市场多年,十分了解当地的情况,清楚哪里可能出现风险。我们在基础设施建设、能源、水利和废物处理等领域积累了不少项目经验,能够为这些项目提供国际融资解决方案,这对“一带一路”项目而言是非常重要的。此外,我们在中国也已经运营了161年。因此,渣打银行将践行“一带一路”倡议作为企业发展重点是一件顺理成章的事情。

Q5: Why does Standard Chartered make the Belt and Road Initiative as its strategic priority for the bank? What have you implemented?

Vinals:We have designed or designated the Belt and Road as one strategic priority because it's very natural to us. We are present in 45 of the Belt and Road markets. We have been in these markets for a long time, in the majority of them for more than a hundred years. We have deep knowledge of the local markets. We understand the risks. We have strong capabilities in project finance. We have strong capabilities and knowledge of different industry sectors, like infrastructures, energy, water, and waste. So, it is only natural that we can bring in all of these sorts of expertise together and be a natural partner for Belt and Road. In addition, we have been in China for 161 years. So, we are very much connected with our Chinese clients, both financial and non-financial clients. We are at the originating end and recipient end. We also bring in a lot of expertise on how to deal with international financial institutions in order to bring in the best for the Belt and Road. So, it's very natural for us to be playing this role and make the Belt and Road Initiative a key strategic priority for Standard Chartered.

Q6:渣打银行采取怎样的措施,来预防和管控“一带一路”项目的相关风险?

韦浩思:仅2018年一年,渣打银行就参与了近100个“一带一路”相关项目,项目总金额达到200亿美元。我们参与的每个项目都经过非常仔细的研究,除了信用风险之外,行为操守风险、金融犯罪风险、环境风险和社会风险也都在考量范围之内。渣打银行设立了严格的风险管控标准,只有通过标准的项目才会考虑投资。我们建立了一套系统性的机制,用来分析“一带一路”项目的风险。

Q6:What measures does Standard Chartered take to prevent or control risks associated with projects of the Belt and Road Initiative?

Vinals:To give you an example, last year alone, we were involved in nearly a hundred projects along the Belt and Road countries. We facilitated funding for these projects in excess of twenty billion dollars, just in 2018. Each of the projects that we have participated is subject to a very careful analysis of risks. Not only credit risks but also things like conduct risks, financial crime risks, things like corruption, money laundering, etc. We also assess risks regarding the social and environmental impact of those projects. We have very high standards on each of those risks that I have mentioned. It's only when the project passes the bar for each of those risks that we decide to go ahead. So, we have a very systemic and structured approach to risk analysis for Belt and Road projects.

编辑:刘梦